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Intellectual Property Protection in Albania: Legal Framework and Judicial Practice
Introduction The protection of intellectual property has become one of the most significant legal and economic issues in modern economies. In Albania, the

The 20th EU Sanctions Package: From Lists to Enforcement
One of the most far-reaching, enforcement-focused sanctions packages adopted to date, it has moved sanctions from a compliance question into a criminal-liability question.

The Black Sea Green Energy Corridor: A Mega-Project Defined by Its Legal Architecture
A 1,100-kilometre subsea cable will carry Caspian renewable power into the EU grid. Whether it is ever built depends less on the engineering

European Aviation at a Crossroads: Regulation, Competitiveness and Crisis Readiness
21st May was the closing date for the European Commission’s Call for Evidence on the proposed EU Aviation and Aeronautics Strategy, which only

Blockchain and Smart Contracts in Aviation: The Future of Intelligent Contracts
In the high-stakes world of aviation, where global supply chains process billions of transactions daily—from aircraft parts procurement to fuel hedging and passenger

The European CO₂ “Pooling” System
What It Is and Why It Mattered So Much for Tesla In recent years, one of the least-known yet most influential mechanisms in

Smart Contracts And Contractual Liability Under Italian Civil Law.
I. Smart Contracts in the Light of Article 1321 of the Italian Civil Code. Substantive Differences from Contracts in the Strict Sense. The

Citizenship by Descent
The Constitutional Court Upholds the New Legal Framework Introduced by Decree-Law No. 36/2025 In March 2026, the Italian Constitutional Court brought clarity to

Green Clauses in Subcontracting Agreements
A Focus on Liability Issues Sustainability is now firmly at the heart of contemporary economic and legal debate, extending its reach beyond production