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The Black Sea Green Energy Corridor: A Mega-Project Defined by Its Legal Architecture
A 1,100-kilometre subsea cable will carry Caspian renewable power into the EU grid. Whether it is ever built depends less on the engineering

European Aviation at a Crossroads: Regulation, Competitiveness and Crisis Readiness
21st May was the closing date for the European Commission’s Call for Evidence on the proposed EU Aviation and Aeronautics Strategy, which only

Blockchain and Smart Contracts in Aviation: The Future of Intelligent Contracts
In the high-stakes world of aviation, where global supply chains process billions of transactions daily—from aircraft parts procurement to fuel hedging and passenger

The European CO₂ “Pooling” System
What It Is and Why It Mattered So Much for Tesla In recent years, one of the least-known yet most influential mechanisms in

Smart Contracts And Contractual Liability Under Italian Civil Law.
I. Smart Contracts in the Light of Article 1321 of the Italian Civil Code. Substantive Differences from Contracts in the Strict Sense. The

Citizenship by Descent
The Constitutional Court Upholds the New Legal Framework Introduced by Decree-Law No. 36/2025 In March 2026, the Italian Constitutional Court brought clarity to

Green Clauses in Subcontracting Agreements
A Focus on Liability Issues Sustainability is now firmly at the heart of contemporary economic and legal debate, extending its reach beyond production

COURT INTERVENTION IN ARBITRATION
THE LIMITS OF ANTI-ARBITRATION RELIEF AND SECTION 24 I. INTRODUCTION The judgment of Mr Justice Butcher in Party ‘A’ v Party ‘B’ and

Geopolitical Conflict, Energy Crisis, and Corporate Risk: Insights from Modern Portfolio Theory
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS AND CORPORATE RISK: THE IRANIAN TRIGGERED ENERGY CRISIS THROUGOUT THE MODERN PORTFOLIO THEORY. Contemporary geopolitical tensions – from